Chronic Ankle Instability Treatment

What You Need To Know

Understanding chronic ankle instability, its causes, and how it is treated.

Understanding Chronic Ankle Instability

Chronic ankle instability is a condition characterized by a recurring giving way of the outer (lateral) side of the ankle. This condition often develops after repeated ankle sprains. Usually, the giving way occurs while walking or doing other activities, but it can also happen when you are just standing. Many athletes, as well as others, suffer from chronic ankle instability.

People with chronic ankle instability often complain of a repeated turning of the ankle, especially on uneven surfaces or during sports, persistent discomfort and swelling, pain or tenderness, and the ankle feeling wobbly or unstable.

The condition usually develops following an ankle sprain that has not adequately healed or was not rehabilitated completely. When you sprain your ankle, the ligaments are stretched or torn, and the ability to balance and stabilize is often affected. Each subsequent sprain leads to further weakening of the ligaments, resulting in greater instability. Obesity, lack of follow-up strengthening exercises, and returning to sports too soon can make the condition worse.

In evaluating your condition, the foot and ankle surgeon will ask about any previous ankle injuries and examine your ankle for tender areas, swelling, and signs of instability. X-rays or other imaging studies may help further evaluate the ankle. If you are experiencing repeated sprains or a persistent wobbly feeling, schedule an evaluation so treatment can begin before further damage occurs.

Treatment, Recovery, and Rehabilitation

Treatment for chronic ankle instability is based on the results of the examination and tests, as well as on the patient’s level of activity. Nonsurgical care is often the first approach and can include physical therapy, bracing, and medication.

Physical therapy involves various treatments and exercises to strengthen the ankle, improve balance and range of motion, and retrain the muscles. As you progress through rehabilitation, you may also receive training specific to your activities or sport. Ankle braces may be worn to support the ankle while the tendons and ligaments heal, and bracing also helps prevent additional sprains. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, may be recommended to reduce pain and inflammation.

If the instability does not improve with non-invasive treatment, surgery may be recommended. Surgery usually involves repair or reconstruction of the damaged ligaments. The surgeon will select the procedure best suited for your case based on the severity of the instability and your activity level. Recovery time will vary depending on the procedure performed.

Recovery and rehabilitation are very important in preventing frequent ankle problems. Many athletes get back on the field far too soon, which allows the injury to recur and weakens the ankle further. With proper care and a complete rehabilitation program, patients can protect the ankle from repeat injury and return to the activities they enjoy.